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AB 1616 (Cottage Foods) Frequently Asked Questions - Updated November 1, 2012 Page 1 of 9
CALIFORNIA HOMEMADE FOOD ACT
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
AB 1616 (GATTO) – COTTAGE FOOD OPERATIONS
1. When does the new law go into effect?
The new law becomes effective January 1, 2013.
The law requires the California Department of Public
Health to carry out certain tasks associated with
implementation, and imposes certain responsibilities
on local planning and environmental health
jurisdictions. The California Conference of Directors of
Environmental Health (CCDEH) is working with other stakeholders to ensure that the law is
implemented in an orderly and effective manner. Further information regarding the status of
implementation can be obtained from your local environmental health agency.
2. What is a Cottage Food Operation (CFO)?
A CFO is an enterprise at a private home where low-risk food products are prepared or
packaged for sale to consumers.
3. What is meant by “private home?”
“Private home” means a dwelling, including an apartment or other leased space, where
individuals reside.
4. Are there limitations on the size of CFO’s sales?
• Class A - seventy-five thousand dollars ($75,000) or less in gross annual sales
• Class B - one hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000) or less in gross annual sales
Note: The information in this FAQ handout is intended
to provide a uniform statewide response to questions
posed and will be updated as needed. The questions
& answers were evaluated by the CCDEH Ad Hoc AB
1616 Implementation Workgroup. This information
should not be construed as a legal interpretation.
AB1616 Chaptered Law: http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-
12/bill/asm/ab_1601-1650/ab_1616_bill_20120921_chaptered.pdf
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AB 1616 (Cottage Foods) Frequently Asked Questions - Updated November 1, 2012 Page 2 of 9
5. Can a CFO have employees?
A CFO can have one full-time equivalent employee (not counting family members or household
members).
6. What cottage food categories are permitted at a CFO?
Only foods that are defined as “non-potentially hazardous” are approved for preparation by
CFO’s. These are foods that do not require refrigeration to keep them safe from bacterial
growth that could make people sick. The California Department of Public Health will establish
and maintain a list of approved cottage food categories on their website and will establish a
process by which new foods can be added to the list and other foods can be challenged and
removed. The initial list included in the new law includes:
1) Baked goods without cream, custard, or meat fillings, such as breads, biscuits, churros,
cookies, pastries, and tortillas
2) Candy, such as brittle and toffee
3) Chocolate-covered nonperishable foods, such as nuts and dried fruit
4) Dried fruit
5) Dried pasta
6) Dry baking mixes
7) Fruit pies, fruit empanadas, and fruit tamales
8) Granola, cereals, and trail mixes
9) Herb blends and dried mole paste
10) Honey and sweet sorghum syrup
11) Jams, jellies, preserves, and fruit butter that comply with the standard described in Part
150 of Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (These should be fruit products to
assure that they are not potentially hazardous).
12) Nut mixes and nut butters
13) Popcorn
14) Vinegar and mustard
15) Roasted coffee and dried tea
16) Waffle cones and pizzelles
7. What are the two classifications of CFOs?
Class A CFO’s are only allowed to engage in “direct sale” of cottage food.
Class B CFO’s may engage in both “direct sale” and “indirect sale” of cottage food.
8. What is meant by “Direct Sale” of cottage food?
“Direct Sale” means a transaction between a CFO operator and a consumer, where the
consumer purchases the cottage food product directly from the CFO. Direct sales include, but
are not limited to, transactions within the State of California at holiday bazaars or other
temporary events, such as bake sales or food swaps, transactions at farm stands, certified
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AB 1616 (Cottage Foods) Frequently Asked Questions - Updated November 1, 2012 Page 3 of 9
farmers’ markets, or through community-supported agriculture subscriptions, and transactions
occurring in person in the cottage food operation.
9. What is meant by “Indirect Sale” of cottage food?
“Indirect Sale” means an interaction between a CFO, a third-party retailer, and a consumer,
where the consumer purchases cottage food products made by the CFO from a third-party
retailer that holds a valid permit issued by the local environmental health agency in their
jurisdiction. Indirect sales include, but are not limited to, sales made to retail shops or to retail
food facilities where food may be immediately consumed on the premises.
10. Do I need any special Training or Certification to prepare Cottage foods?
A person who prepares or packages cottage food products must complete a Foodhandler
Certificate Program course and exam, instructed by ANSI acredited providers.
11. Does a CFO need a permit to operate?
Planning/Zoning: All CFO’s need to obtain approval from their local city or county
planning department. The Homemade Food Act gives planning departments several
options to consider, so planning department requirements may vary between
jurisdictions.
Environmental Health:
• For “Class A” CFO’s (direct sale only), registration, renewed annually with the
local enforcement agency and submission of a completed “self-certification
checklist” approved by the local environmental health agency.
• For “Class B” CFO’s (direct and indirect), a permit, renewed annually from the
local environmental health agency is required.
Other Requirements: Check on other state or local requirements that may be applicable
Registrations and permits are not transferable between:
• Persons
• Locations
• Type of food sales [i.e., direct sales (Class A) vs. indirect sales (class B)]
• Type of distribution
12. How much will the registration or permit cost the CFO?
Each local jurisdiction will establish fees that are not to exceed the cost of providing the service.
Additional fees may be charged for inspection and/or enforcement activities if the cottage food
operation is found to be in violation of California food safety laws on cottage food operations.
13. Will my CFO Registration/Permit allow me to sell at other retail venues?
There may be health permits required to sell at other locations, such as Certified Farmer’s
Markets, Street Fairs or Swap Meets. Please check with your local enforcement agency for
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AB 1616 (Cottage Foods) Frequently Asked Questions - Updated November 1, 2012 Page 4 of 9
additional permit requirements.
14. How often will a CFO be inspected?
Class A CFO kitchens and food storage areas (referenced in the law as the “registered or
permitted area”) are not subject to initial or routine inspections.
Class B CFO kitchens and food storage areas are inspected initially prior to permit
issuance, and then annually after that.
Class A or B (Other Inspections) The local environmental health agency may access, for
inspection purposes, the registered or permitted area where a cottage food operation is
located only if the representative has, on the basis of a consumer complaint, reason to
suspect that adulterated or otherwise unsafe food has been produced by the cottage
food operation or that the cottage food operation is found to be in violation of
California food safety laws on cottage food operations.
15. What are the CFO’s operational requirements
All CFOs must comply with the following:
• No domestic activity in kitchen during cottage food preparation
• No infants, small children, or pets in kitchen during cottage food preparation
• Kitchen equipment and utensils kept clean and in good repair
• All food contact surfaces and utensils washed, rinsed, and sanitized before each use
• All food preparation and storage areas free of rodents and insects
• No smoking in kitchen area during preparation or processing of cottage food
• A person with a contagious illness shall refrain from working
• Proper hand-washing shall be completed prior to any food preparation or packaging
• Water used in the preparation of cottage food products must be potable. Cottage
food preparation activities include:
o Washing, rinsing, and sanitizing of any equipment used in food preparation.
o Washing and sanitizing hands and arms.
o Water used as an ingredient of cottage food.
16. What would be my food labeling requirements?
All cottage food products must be properly labeled in compliance with the Federal,
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. Sec. 343 et seq.)The label shall include:
• The words “Made in a Home Kitchen” in 12-point type
• The name commonly used for the food product
• Name of CFO which produced the food product
• The registration or permit number of the cottage food operation which produced
the cottage food product and the name of the local enforcement agency that issued
the number
• Product ingredients in descending order by weight
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AB 1616 (Cottage Foods) Frequently Asked Questions - Updated November 1, 2012 Page 5 of 9
In a permitted food facility, cottage food products served without packaging or labeling
shall be identified to the customer as homemade on the menu, menu board or other
easily accessible location.
17. Do I need to have a DBA?
A DBA (Doing Business As) may be a requirement of your county or local municipality.
18. The farmers market where I want to sell my products says I need a food
license, even though I am a Cottage Food business. Can the market require a
license?
Yes. Even though an entity may meet the requirements of a Cottage Food Operation and
be permitted, some farmers markets or other direct marketing venues may require
vendors to have a food establishment license or to meet other requirements. Observe local
policies enacted by farmers market boards and local enforcement agencies.
19 Why are some products not allowed to be made and sold under the
guidance document?
The Cottage Food guidance document allows food entrepreneurs to operate small food
businesses and produce a variety of food products that are low risk from a food safety
standpoint, if prepared properly in an unlicensed and uninspected kitchen, while
protecting public health to the greatest extent possible. The allowable products list is
based on the food safety risk level associated with certain types of food. People who
operate a licensed and inspected food processing business have to meet certain
requirements for training, food safety and handling. Since Cottage Food businesses are
uninspected, it is necessary to limit food products allowed under the law to those that are
considered low risk, or non-potentially hazardous.
20. Are pet treats covered in the guidance document?
No. The Cottage Food guidance document applies to human grade food only.
21. Can I produce and sell cooked vegetable products, like salsas, tomato
sauces, spaghetti sauces, or focaccia bread with roasted vegetables?
No. Food products made with cooked vegetable products do not qualify under the Cottage
Food guidance document. Manufacturers of cooked vegetable products like salsas and
tomato sauces must meet significant federal and state training and licensing requirements.
Cooked vegetables, whether fresh or canned, usually are made from a combination of low
acid and acidified foods, and are considered a Potentially Hazardous Food. Cooked
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AB 1616 (Cottage Foods) Frequently Asked Questions - Updated November 1, 2012 Page 6 of 9
vegetables must be held either hot (above 135°F) or cold (below 41°F). They can't be
stored at room temperature, which makes them ineligible for production in a cottage food
operation.
22. Can I bake bread in a wood-fired oven?
Yes, as long as that oven is in your home kitchen.
23. I lease space in a retail building where I operate a small antique shop. As a
Cottage Food baker, can I sell my own baked goods from my shop?
Yes, as long as they are labeled correctly and completely, and the label includes any
allergens the product may contain. However, you can't sell other people's products (e.g.,
consignment) nor have other people sell your products (e.g., wholesalers).
24. Can I make and sell sweet breads, muffins or other baked goods made with
fresh fruits and vegetables like zucchini, pumpkin, and strawberries?
Yes, as long as the fruits or vegetables are incorporated into the batter and properly baked,
labeled and packaged. The baked goods may not be decorated or garnished with fresh
fruits or vegetables.
25. Can I use homegrown fruits and vegetables in baked goods?
NO. All cottage food ingredients must be obtained from a permitted food facility.
26. I am concerned that some of my product ingredients that are not allergens
are “trade secrets” and listing all my ingredients would lead to unfair
competition. Do I have to list all of my ingredients or can I protect my trade
secrets?
According to federal regulations (Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 21CFR
101.100g(1)(2)), exceptions to labeling can be made. In particular, if the Commissioner of
Food and Drugs finds that alleged secret ingredients are harmless, an exemption may be
granted. You should contact the FDA to discuss and propose an exemption from labeling.
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AB 1616 (Cottage Foods) Frequently Asked Questions - Updated November 1, 2012 Page 7 of 9
27. If I make and sell wedding cakes, how can I meet the labeling requirements,
when I can't stick a label on the cake?
For wedding cakes, birthday cakes and other specialty cakes that are not easily packaged,
you must include all labeling requirements on the invoice and deliver the invoice with the
cake. Smaller cakes must be boxed, and the label must be included on the box.
28. Can I make and sell products from my secondary residence, my summer
home or from someone else’s residence?
The Cottage Food guidance document applies only to non-potentially
hazardous foods made in the kitchen of your primary residence. Second
homes, vacation homes or any other residences do not qualify if they are not
your primary residence.
29. Can I make products in a rented kitchen and sell them?
No. The Cottage Food guidance document applies only to non-potentially hazardous foods
made in the kitchen of your primary residence. Even if the rented kitchen is a licensed
facility, you would need a food establishment license to sell your products.
30. Where can I store ingredients and finished products for my Cottage Food
business?
Ingredients and finished Cottage Food products may be stored in your single family
domestic residence where the Cottage Food products are made. This includes your kitchen,
or dining room that is free of dampness/water, pests or other insanitary conditions. You
may not use a garage, shed, other outbuilding, bathrooms or areas used for sleeping as a
storage facility for your Cottage Food ingredients, finished products, equipment or utensils.
31. Can nonprofit organizations, or corporations produce and sell Cottage
Foods?
No. A cottage food operator is defined as an individual, who operates a CFO) in his or her
private home and is the owner of the CFO. Nonprofits, partnerships and corporations are
not an individual with a single family domestic residence and, therefore, do not qualify as a
Cottage Food business.
32. Can I sell my Cottage Foods over the Internet?
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AB 1616 (Cottage Foods) Frequently Asked Questions - Updated November 1, 2012 Page 8 of 9
No. While you can advertise your product on the Internet, you cannot take orders over the
Internet and then ship directly to consumers. Sales and product delivery must be directly
from the producer to the consumer, in a person-to-person transaction, and not delivered
by mail.
33. Can I sell my Cottage Foods to a wholesaler, broker or distributor?
No. Under the Cottage Food guidance document, it is not legal for a producer to sell to a
wholesaler, broker or distributor who would then resell the product.
34. Can I advertise my Cottage Food products on my website?
Yes. You can use your website to advertise your products or market your business, but
cannot take orders or sell products via your website.
35. Can I advertise my Cottage Food business in the newspaper or at trade
shows?
Yes. Advertising is allowed; however, the actual sale must be made person-to-person
between the producer and the consumer.
36. Can I serve free samples of my Cottage Food Products?
Yes. As long as your product meets the requirements of the Cottage Food guidance
document and is a non-potentially hazardous food, sampling is allowed. Samples must be
pre-packaged in your home kitchen (e.g., if you sample bread, you can't cut it at the
market, but can cut it in your home kitchen and individually wrap or package the bread
samples into sample cups with lids). Although you do not need an individual label for each
sample, you must have properly labeled packages of your product on display with the
samples so your customer can review the ingredient list. Your product cannot be cooked or
prepared in a way that makes it a potentially hazardous food/temperature control for
safety food (e.g., you can't add a dried dip mix to sour cream or serve anything that can't
be kept safely at room temperature - these examples would require a food license).
37. What foods cannot be produced by my cottage food operation?
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AB 1616 (Cottage Foods) Frequently Asked Questions - Updated November 1, 2012 Page 9 of 9
A cottage food operation is not allowed to produce food items which require temperature
control for safety. Other food items which present a food safety risk such as acidified
foods, low acid canned foods, garlic in oil, and fresh fruit or vegetable juices are not
allowed as well. The following list of foods are examples of products that may not be
produced at a cottage food operation. Although not all inclusive, it provides for most types
of unapproved cottage food products:
• Fresh or dried meat or meat products including jerky
• Fresh or dried poultry or poultry products
• Canned fruits, vegetables, vegetable butters, salsas etc.
• Fish or shellfish products
• Canned pickled products such as corn relish, pickles, sauerkraut
• Raw seed sprouts
• Bakery goods which require any type of refrigeration such as cream, custard or meringue
pies and cakes or pastries with cream cheese icings or fillings
• Tempered and/or molded chocolate or chocolate type products
• Milk and dairy products including hard, soft and cottage cheeses and yogurt
• Cut fresh fruits and/or vegetables
• Food products made from cut fresh fruits or vegetables
• Food products made with cooked vegetable products
• Garlic in oil mixtures
• Juices made from fresh fruits or vegetables
• Ice and/or ice products
• Barbeque sauces, ketchups and/or mustards
• Focaccia-style breads with vegetables and/or cheeses