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Alameda County
Emergency Medical Services Agency
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Ambulance Rerouting
Effective: 7/17/2023
Review: 7/17/2026 Approved: Link to Record of Revisions and Approvals
I. Purpose
The purpose of this policy is to define the circumstances in which hospitals can request EMS patients reroute away from their facility. Ambulance rerouting is a system management tool that may be used temporarily by local hospitals and/or the EMS Agency. This can be utilized
when a specialty center’s equipment has failed, or patient load exceeds specialty center
resources and potentially compromises EMS patient safety upon delivery at a hospital
emergency department. Hospital personnel must be trained on the content of this Policy
including the criteria for rerouting.
Reference: California Administrative Code, Title 13, Section 1105 (c): "In the absence of
decisive factors to the contrary, ambulance personnel shall transport emergency patients to
the most accessible medical facility equipped, staffed, and prepared to receive emergency
cases and administer emergency care appropriate to the needs of the patient.”
II. Criteria for Rerouting
EMS Agency staff may perform unannounced site visits to hospitals to ensure compliance with
the following requirements. The EMS Agency allows hospitals to reroute patients to alternate
facilities when the following predetermined conditions exist:
a. Computed Tomography (CT) Inoperable – If a facility has an inoperable CT
scanner due to equipment failure or scheduled maintenance, patients
demonstrating neurological signs/symptoms of stroke or acute head injury may
be transported to the next closest most appropriate hospital providing similar
services. i. The hospital may place themselves on CT/Neuro and/or Stroke diversion through ReddiNet and must come off diversion immediately upon resolution of the issue.
b. Trauma Center Overload – If the Medical Director of Trauma Services
determines their trauma center is unable to care for additional trauma patients
because the trauma team is already fully committed to caring for trauma
patients in either the operating room (OR) or the emergency department (ED), trauma patients may be transported to the next closest most appropriate hospital providing similar services.
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i. The hospital may place themselves on Trauma diversion through ReddiNet and must end diversion immediately upon resolution of the
issue.
ii. Only one Alameda County adult trauma center may be on trauma
diversion at any time. If further issues arise, the facility will contact the
EMS Duty Officer for resolution.
c. STEMI/Cardiac Diversion – If a STEMI/Cardiac receiving center is experiencing diagnostic equipment failure, scheduled maintenance, or all cardiologists and cardiac catheterization labs are at capacity with active cases,
cardiac patients may be transported to the closest most appropriate hospital
providing similar services.
i. The hospital may place themselves on diversion through ReddiNet and
must end diversion immediately upon resolution of the issue.
d. Physical Plant Casualty (Internal Disaster) – If a facility has been compromised due to an unforeseen circumstance (fire, bomb threat, power outage with generator failure, cyber-attack, etc.) that curtails routine patient
care and renders routine ambulance traffic unsafe, this hospital may divert any
patient including critical trauma patients as deemed necessary during this
incident.
i. If a hospital is still accepting walk-in patients, they must continue to
accept ambulance traffic. ii. Low staffing is not a qualifying reason for diversion. iii. Power or internet outages are not a reason for long-term diversion. The facility is expected to activate their downtime/disaster plan within 60
minutes.
iv. Hospital staff must notify the on-call EMS Duty Officer.
III. Exceptions – The following patients may not be rerouted.
a. The following exceptions operate under the assumption that the facility is still safe to enter. In the event of physical plant diversion, the Duty Officer will verify that the facility is still capable of receiving patients (e.g - active shooter would negate any exception). b. Obstetric patients who may require imminent delivery e.g. - if baby is crowning, patient exhibiting delivery complications, etc. c. Sexual assault patients- Specialized teams are available at Highland, UCSF Benioff Children’s and Washington Hospital. d. Direct admits- Receiving hospital MD has accepted the patient as a direct admit
with an assigned hospital bed. e. Patients with any uncontrollable problem for whom diversion would be life/limb threatening, e.g. - unmanageable airway, uncontrolled hemorrhage, unstable cardiopulmonary condition, full arrest etc. f. Unstable patients who, in the judgment of the transport provider, may experience greater risk by being transported to an alternate hospital than the hospital on
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temporary diversion. The patient should be transported to the closest most appropriate facility in accordance with the Alameda County EMS Transport
Guidelines policy. IV. Communications
a. The EMS Agency Duty Officer is on-call 24 hours per day and can be reached through ACRECC at (925) 422-7595 to assist with system related problems. b. Each hospital will update ReddiNet according to the Alameda County “ReddiNet Utilization” policy appropriately via the “STATUS” module when requesting any
patient be rerouted for a Specialty Service listed in this policy.
V. Monitoring and Review
a. The EMS Agency may request hospitals to provide a summary of attempts to mitigate conditions requiring the rerouting of patients. b. Any problems associated with patient care will be submitted by the ambulance provider, ED charge nurse or manager to the EMS agency on an “Unusual Occurrence” form within 1 week.
VI. Decision Matrix
Reason Maximum time allowed Condition Types of patients
diverted
Appropriate facilities
for diverted patients
CT Inoperable Until
resolved
CT malfunction,
maintenance, etc.
Acute head injury OR CVA (aphasic, dysarthria, one-sided
weakness)
Closest trauma center OR Closest stroke center
Trauma Center
Overload
Until
resolved
Trauma
resources
depleted
Critical trauma patients Closest trauma center
STEMI/Cardiac
Until
resolved
equipment failure
or scheduled maintenance, no cardiologists or
cath lab
STEMI/ post cardiac
arrest
Closest STEMI/Cardiac
arrest center
Physical Plant Casualty (Internal
Disaster)
Until
resolved
Physical plant
breakdown (bomb threat, fire, etc.) All
Closest most appropriate facility